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著作権およびフェアユースに関するポリシー - YouTube のしくみ
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著作権

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著作権についてのルール

クリエイターは、自作の動画または必要な許諾を得た動画のみアップロードできます。つまり、必要な許諾を受けずに自作ではない動画をアップロードしたり、他者が著作権を所有しているコンテンツ(音楽トラック、著作権保護された番組の一部、他のユーザーが作成した動画など)を自分の動画で使用したりすることはできません。

著作権の例外とは?

著作権の例外とは、著作権で保護されている他人の素材を、特定の状況に限り、その許諾を得ることなく再利用することを認める法律です。 米国で最も広く知られている著作権の例外はフェアユースです。著作物の使用が公正かどうかを判断するにあたり、裁判所は、当該使用の目的と性格、著作物の性質、著作物全体との関連における当該使用部分の量と実質性、および著作物の潜在的市場または価値に対する当該使用の影響の 4 つの要素を検討します。フェアユースと評価される可能性のある活動には、批評、解説、ニュース報道などがあります。フェアユースは表現の自由を推進することを目的としています。

EU の多くの国を含む一部の大陸法の国々では、重視される要素を有しているかどうかではなく、著作物の再使用特定のカテゴリに該当する必要があるという、より制限的な例外を設けています。EU デジタル単一市場における著作権指令第 17 条に規定されているカテゴリは、引用、批評、レビュー、風刺、パロディ、および模作です。これらの文言は、日常の言葉における通常の意味を持ちますが、各加盟国による法律にも規定され、加盟国の国内裁判所と欧州連合司法裁判所(CJEU)の両方によって解釈されます。また、当該著作物の使用の文脈と、著作権の例外の目的、すなわちクリエイターの表現の自由と著作権者の権利の調和を考慮することも重要です。

カナダ、英国、オーストラリアなどの一部の国では、フェア ディーリングの複合概念が存在します。裁判所はフェアユースと同様の要素の有無を重視しますが、著作物の再使用は特定のカテゴリに該当する必要があります。特定のカテゴリには、引用(一般的な引用、および批評、レビュー


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