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上野国総社神社 -- 神社史
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十三年三月二十四日、人皇第四十五代聖武天皇が全国の国司に国分寺(僧寺と尼寺)を建立するよう詔(みことのり)が出され、更に天平十九年十一月に国分寺を早く建立するよう督促の詔が出された。上野野国国分寺がいつ建立されたかは明らかではないが、天平勝宝元年に碓氷郡石上部君(いそのかみべのきみ)と勢多郡の郡司上野野朝臣(かみつけぬのあそみ)の二人が国分寺建立への献上品によって従五位下の位を与えられていることから、このころに完成したのではないかと推定されている僧寺(金光明四天王護国寺)は、東大寺と同じ様式で伽藍の配置は次のようになっていたものと推定されている。尼寺(法華滅罪之寺)は、消失前の当社の西方十二丁付近(僧寺から東へ約三丁<およそ330メートル>)に建てられていたであろうと推定されている。このようにして巨費を投じて建立された国分寺は、国府と共に平安時代の末期に兵火により焼失した。
総社明神の由来

国分寺を完成させた当時の三代目国司大宅大国公(参考文献によると「大伴宿濔伯麻呂」)は、寄せる崇敬殊に篤く、旦に社殿に額づき夕に寺塔に詣でるを例とし、上野国治国の要諦としたと伝えられる。また、国司は国内各地の神社に幣束を捧げ、親しく巡拝していたが、人皇第五十六代清和天皇のころ国司は上野国内各社の神明帳を作り、国内十四郡に鎮座する総五百四十九社を勧請合祀し、当社を参詣することにより国内全部の神社を参詣したこととし巡拝奉幣の労を省いた。国内総五百四十九社を合祀したことにより総社と称え、社号を総社大明神と改称した。このとき国司より献納された額に「正一位護国霊験惣社大明神」とあり、これは今も当社の宝として宝物殿に納められている。また、この額は清和天皇の勅額で有ると言われている。

上野国内十四郡の各社を勧請合祀したのは、平安後期(1087〜1184)で有ると書かれている本が大部分である。永仁六年(1298)に神明帳が神主・赤石中清によって書き写されていることからこれより以前であったことは間違いのないことである。

上野神明帳 国内の諸神を合祀したとき作られた神明帳の冒頭に「總五百四十九社勧請故当社大明神是当社之宝物也」・・・・・とある。このとき作られた神明帳はその後三回にわたって書き写されている。永仁六年十二月二十五日神主赤石中清正本を書き写すとあり、次に貞和四年三月二十九日・社司赤石春永仁六年の神明帳を再び書き写すついで、弘治三年二月二日神主赤石中喜貞和四年再写の神明帳を書き写すと記され是が現在に伝えられている神明帳である。なお、この神明帳は巻子(けんす)仕立てとなっていて、紙幅二十七糎、長さ四米で総社大明神から始まり相殿十祭神、摂社五百四十九社の祭神を郡別に記してある。昭和九年の陸軍特別大演習の御統監に行幸された天皇陛下の天覧を仰ぎ、畏くも幣帛料を下賜された。また、昭和四十九年には県の重要文化財に指定された。
延喜式神名帳 上野国内には式内社と呼ばれる神社は十二社あり、国司は幣帛として大社には糸三両、綿三両、小社には糸二両、綿二両が奉幣されていたが、当社に国内諸神を勧請合祀後は、国司は自ら奉幣にでむかないですむようになった。

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〒371-0846

群馬県前橋市元総社町1-31-45

上野総社神社 社務所

Tel 027-252-0975 Fax 027-252-6392

受付時間 9:00〜17:00
※時間外のお問い合わせはこちらより承っています。

https://www.net-you.com/souja/

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